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Date: 02-18-2021
Case Style:
Ex Parte: Matthew Gonzalez
Case Number: 05-20-00512-CR
Judge: LANA MYERS
Court: Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
Plaintiff's Attorney: Douglas Gladden
Defendant's Attorney:
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Description:
Dallas, TX - Criminal defense attorney represented Matthew Gonzalez with appealing the trial court’s order denying the writ of habeas corpus regarding his pretrial bond..
Appellant was arrested for murder. After a Dallas County magistrate set
appellant’s bond at $200,000, he was released on pretrial bond on December 26,
2019. As a condition of release, he was required to wear an electronic leg monitor.
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On March 12, 2020, appellant was indicted for murder. On that same date, the
magistrate held appellant’s bond insufficient and increased his bond to $500,000.
Appellant surrendered himself and was taken into custody. He was confined in the
Dallas County jail.
On March 27, 2020, appellant filed a writ application styled “Application for
Writ of Habeas Corpus for Bond Reinstatement or Release on Recognizance Due to
Jail’s Inability to Provide Adequate Covid-19 Precautions and Treatment.” In his
writ application, appellant asserted that he and his family had been unable to raise
sufficient funds to post the increased bond, he has ties to the community and is not
a flight risk, he had no trouble while on bond with electronic leg monitoring, and he
presented himself to authorities on the date his bond was held insufficient. Appellant
did not, however, use such facts to contend that the trial court should reduce his bail
under the rules for setting bail set forth in article 17.15 of the code of criminal
procedure. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 17.15 (defining rules for fixing
amount of bail).
Instead, appellant contended that he should be released on a smaller bond or
on his own recognizance because his right to due process of law will be violated if
he is confined in the Dallas County Jail during the pandemic. Appellant characterizes
the jail as overcrowded, understaffed, and underequipped to deal with the pandemic.
Citing guidelines from the Center for Disease Control, he contends the county jail
constitutes a “mass gathering” in violation of the CDC guidelines. As evidence, he
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provides links to a number of internet news stories about the closing of sporting and
educational activities in an effort to reduce the number of mass gatherings of people.
Appellant’s writ application does not contain the required oath that the allegations
in the application are true. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 11.14(5).
According to an unsworn declaration filed into the clerk’s record by trial
counsel, on April 3, 2020, trial counsel emailed the trial court coordinator to ask if
the trial court wanted to hold a hearing on appellant’s writ application and if so,
whether the hearing could be held by videoconference. The court coordinator
responded that the trial court wanted only written arguments.
The trial court did not hold a hearing. Instead, on April 15, 2020, the trial court
denied the writ without making findings. The order form the trial court used to deny
relief contained three possible resolutions with an underlined space beside each
potential resolution for the trial court to indicate its choice. The order stated:
On this day came on to be considered Applicant’s Application for Writ
of Habeas Corpus to reduce bail and the Court has:
set this matter for hearing on __________2020, or
GRANTED the writ and ORDERS the accused be released on their
own recognizance subject to appear as required by the Court.
X DENIED the Writ.
The trial court placed an “X” as indicated and signed the order.
On May 11, 2020, trial counsel filed a letter with the trial court clerk enclosing
an email exchange with the trial court coordinator purporting to show he had
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requested findings of fact and the coordinator had replied: “From [the trial court]....
Let him know I checked with the staff attorneys, and was informed that I was not
required to do findings for a Writ hearing.” (Ellipses in original quotation).
Jurisdiction
In its brief, the State contends this Court does not have jurisdiction to consider
appellant’s appeal because the trial court did not issue the writ and consider and rule
upon the merits of appellant’s writ application. The State concedes appellant should
be entitled to a hearing, but it argues this Court is powerless to provide appellant
with an appellate remedy and suggests appellant should present another writ
application to the trial court or else file a petition for writ of mandamus.
Appellant did not address the Court’s jurisdiction in his initial brief. In his
reply brief, appellant contends we should presume the trial court adjudicated the
merits when it considered the application because the order does not state anything
to the contrary. Appellant further contends the trial court’s selection of an option to
deny the writ rather than one of the other options shows it resolved the application
on the merits. Appellant points to the email exchange about findings between trial
counsel and the trial court coordinator as showing the trial court denied the writ
application on the merits. Finally, appellant argues that the State’s proposed
remedies are impractical.
The writ of habeas corpus is an order, directed at the person holding the writ
applicant in custody, to produce the writ applicant at a time and place specified in
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the order and explain why the writ applicant should be in custody. Ex parte Hargett,
819 S.W.2d 866, 869 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991), superceded in part by statute as
discussed in Ex parte Villanueva, 252 S.W.3d 391, 397 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008); Ex
parte Jagneaux, 315 S.W.3d 155, 156 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2010, no pet.). Except
for article 11.072 writs not applicable to this appeal, this Court does not have
jurisdiction to entertain an appeal when the trial court refuses to issue a writ of
habeas corpus and does not address the merits of the writ application. See Ex parte
Villanueva, 252 S.W.3d 391, 395–97 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008); Hargett, 819 S.W.2d
at 869; Ex parte Noe, 646 S.W.2d 230, 231 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983). In determining
whether the trial court reached the merits, we review the entire record. Ex parte
Bowers, 36 S.W.3d 926, 927 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2001, pet. ref’d).
Appellant first contends the order shows the trial court ruled on the merits
because it states the trial court considered the application and we should presume
that consideration included the merits because the order says nothing to the contrary.
This Court must indulge every presumption in favor of a trial court’s judgment, and
recitations in trial court orders and judgments are binding in the absence of direct
proof of their falsity. See Breazeale v. State, 683 S.W.2d 446, 450 (Tex. Crim. App.
1985) (op. on reh’g). In this case, however, the order does not express any recitations
about the merits of appellant’s application to which a presumption could apply. To
the contrary, the trial court passed up the option to set the case for hearing and
executed the option to deny the writ.
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Additionally, case authority suggests we should decline appellant’s
suggestion to apply a presumption that the order implicitly addresses the merits.
Case law makes clear that an appellate court does not have jurisdiction to consider
an appeal unless the order and accompanying record expressly show the trial court
resolved the merits. See Hargett, 819 S.W.2d at 868 (trial court considered merits
when it denied issuance of the writ and evidentiary hearing, but addressed merit of
each allegation, found allegations without merit, and denied application); Bowers,
36 S.W.3d at 936 (dismissing appeal where “[n]either the order—nor anything else
in the record before us—reflects that the trial court considered the merits of
appellant’s petition.”); Purchase v. State, 176 S.W.3d 406, 407 (Tex. App.—
Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, no pet.) (determining court of appeals lacked jurisdiction
where record revealed trial court denied writ without hearing evidence or argument
regarding applicant’s claims and expressed no opinion on merits of claims); Ex parte
Williams, 200 S.W.3d 819, 820 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2006, no pet.) (no appeal
where trial court denied petition without issuing writ of habeas corpus and
conducting hearing); Ex parte Miller, 931 S.W.2d 724, 725 (Tex. App.—Austin
1996, no pet.) (per curiam) (no ruling on merits where order stated “The Court,
having been presented the writ of habeas corpus . . . is of the opinion that the same
should not be Granted, and that no hearing should be set on the Application . . . and
the Application is in all things DENIED.” [ellipses in original]); see also Ex parte
Lewis, No. 14-16-00629-CR, 2017 WL 6559647, at *2 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th
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Dist.] Dec. 21, 2017, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication)
(dismissing appeal where trial court did not hear evidence or argument addressing
habeas claims, denied request for evidentiary hearing, and checked box on
preprinted habeas judgment form stating “Orders Relief Denied.”). In the complete
absence of any language in the order addressing the merits of appellant’s claims, we
decline to apply a presumption that the trial court’s order addressed the merits of
appellant’s writ application. See Purchase, 176 S.W.3d at 407.
Secondly, appellant contends the trial court’s selection of the option
“DENIED the writ” must mean the trial court denied his writ application on its merits
given the three choices available on the form. We disagree.
A plain reading of the order indicates the trial court considered appellant’s
writ application and then chose to deny the writ of habeas corpus. In considering the
three options available to the trial court in the order, the choices reflecting a
determination on the merits would be to grant the writ outright or to set the matter
for a hearing where evidence could be developed. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN.
arts. 11.08, 11.10 (requiring trial court to set habeas application for hearing);
Jagneaux, 315 S.W.3d at 156; see also Ex parte Campos, No. 14-17-00492-CR,
2017 WL 4797839, at *2 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Oct. 24, 2017, no pet.)
(not designated for publication) (concluding no appellate jurisdiction where trial
court hand wrote “denied” on form order to set application for hearing). The trial
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court chose the one option on the form that did not involve issuing the writ of habeas
corpus and setting the case for a hearing on the merits.
Appellant next contends that the record as a whole shows the trial court
considered the merits in denying his application. The record does not show the trial
court issued the writ of habeas corpus nor does it show the trial court conducted a
hearing where the merits of appellant’s writ application could be developed. See
Hargett, 819 S.W.2d at 868. There is no evidence in the record, and the trial court
did not issue any findings of fact. The record contains only appellant’s unverified
assertions in his writ application.1
Appellant points to trial counsel’s declaration reciting that he had asked the
court coordinator about findings of fact and the court coordinator had replied: “From
[the trial court]…. Let him know I checked with the staff attorneys, and was
informed that I am not required to do findings for a Writ hearing.” (Ellipses in
original quotation). Although appellant filed trial counsel’s declaration with the
district clerk and had it included in the clerk’s record, it was not admitted into
evidence in any judicial proceeding before the trial court, and thus is not properly
part of the record on appeal. See Webber v. State, 21 S.W.3d 726, 731 (Tex. App.—
Austin 2000, pet. ref’d). The record shows there was no hearing, no evidence was
1 Appellant’s failure to verify the allegations in his writ application does not impact the jurisdiction of
the Court. See Ex parte Golden, 991 S.W.2d 859, 862 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). In Golden, the court of
criminal appeals concluded it could address the merits of the applicant’s habeas application because the
case presented a sufficient record to show the applicant’s entitlement to relief. See id.
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presented, and no findings of fact were entered. We conclude the record as a whole
does not show the trial court addressed the merits of appellant’s writ application.
Finally, regarding appellant’s contention that the State’s proposed remedies
for his situation are impractical, we express no opinion about appellant’s options.
Even if the available options present difficulties, such difficulties do not create
jurisdiction in this Court where none exists. See Williams, 200 S.W.3d at 820–23
(criticizing, but ultimately following, rule that no appeal lies from trial court’s
refusal to issue writ of habeas corpus).
Outcome: Because the trial court did not issue the writ of habeas corpus and decide the
merits of appellant’s habeas application, we dismiss this appeal for want of
jurisdiction.
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