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Date: 07-09-2019
Case Style:
STATE OF OHIO vs. JEANNIE PRATER
Case Number: 18CA1069
Judge: Beth A. Smith
Court: COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT ADAMS COUNTY
Plaintiff's Attorney: David Kelley, Adams County Prosecutor, and Kris D. Blanton, Assistant Adams County Prosecuting Attorney
Defendant's Attorney: Matthew F. Loesch
Description:
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On January 16, 2018, Jeannie Prater (hereinafter “Appellant”)
was indicted by the Adams County Grand Jury on two counts of aggravated
trafficking in drugs, violations of R.C. 2925.03(A)(1), and felonies of the
third degree. The allegations were as follows:
Count One: On or about December 6 and December 8, 2017, in Adams County Ohio, Appellant did knowingly sell or offer to sell Methamphetamine, a schedule II controlled substance, in an amount less than bulk.
SPECIFICATION: The Grand Jurors further find and specify that the offense was committed in the vicinity of a juvenile.
Count Two: On or about between December 13 and December 15, 2017, in Adams County, Ohio, [Appellant], did knowingly sell or offer to sell Methamphetamine, a schedule II controlled substance, in an amount that equals or exceeds the bulk amount, but is less than five times the bulk amount.
{¶3} On January 19, 2018, Appellant pled not guilty to both counts
and the court set a cash bond. The parties engaged in discovery. Appellant
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 3
filed a motion to reduce bond which the trial court initially denied. On May
9, 2018, however, the trial court modified the bond to a recognizance bond.
{¶4} On June 6, 2018, Appellant entered guilty pleas on both counts.
The trial court ordered a pre-sentence investigation and the case was set for
sentencing at a later date. At the plea hearing, the trial court asked
Appellant to describe the events which occurred in both counts. As to Count
One, Appellant stated:
“I um, met the father of my daughter at Walmart parking lot. *** Um, Brent Fischer.***And prior to that he had called me and asked me to go to his friend’s house and pick some Meth up for him and bring it to him, so I did and sold it to him.***My daughter was with me.*** She was eight at the time.”1
As to Count Two, Appellant explained:
“Brent called me and asked me if I could get him an eight-ball um, of Meth and I got it from the same place and I took it to him. ***At his residence in Manchester…***3.8 grams.***I just sold it and left.***I made $50.00 off of it.
{¶5} The record indicates that Detective Sam Purdin met with a
confidential informant who reported on both occasions that Appellant
offered to sell him Methamphetamine. According to Appellant, she
was “set up” by Brent Fischer. At the plea hearing, the trial court
engaged in a lengthy colloquy with Appellant regarding the
1 Appellant has two daughters. Brent Fischer is not the father of the 8-year-old Appellant brought with her to the Walmart parking lot.
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 4
circumstances underlying the indictment and the circumstances
underlying a new misdemeanor Appellant had allegedly committed
while awaiting disposition of the indictment.
{¶6} By July 9, 2018, the Adams County Probation Department had
notified the court that Appellant had violated the terms and the conditions of
her bond as related to a pill count. The trial court reverted her previously
modified recognizance bond to a cash or surety bond and Appellant was
placed into the custody of the Adams County Sheriff Department.
{¶7} At Appellant’s sentencing on July 18th, the parties discussed the
bond violation. The probation department’s drug testing indicated Appellant
was negative for a prescribed drug, Buprenorphine, which should have been
in her system, based on the date of the refill and the number of pills missing.
The trial court concluded Appellant was not using the drug in the manner
prescribed.
{¶8} When Appellant was given time to address the court, she stated
as follows:
“I just, I want to say that first I want to apologize for, for this and I know I hurt a lot of people. I hurt the community, I hurt my family and feels like the last years of dark time in my life I want to move, I want to move on and do good things for the community. I want to work, I almost had, you know got to start work. It took, I was out a little over thirty days and I filled out applications as soon as you released me and it took, I went to two interviews and got hired. So, right I just feel like I needed
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 5
more time. I want to do the right thing, I want to, I want to work and get into a good treatment center and be there for my kids. I don’t want to be in there [sic] lives right now because I don’t feel like I’m ready. I want to get better and, and eventually be the mom that I’ve always been their whole lives.”
{¶9} The trial court imposed a stated prison term of thirty months on
Count One and a stated prison term of twenty-four months on Count Two.
The sentences were ordered to be served consecutively, for a total of fifty
four months. Appellant was given credit for time served. The trial court
commented:
“Ms. Prater uh, you and every other person that uh, trafficking Methamphetamine in this, in this county has absolutely gutted us. You have destroyed us, you have overwhelmed us. And every person you were selling drugs to uh, they were ruining the lives of their children because you can’t name me one person that’s a good parent that’s using Methamphetamine. But you were disseminating it and now I learn that we were even providing food stamps for you so that you didn’t have to work, you could just do cash flow with Methamphetamine. ***You did this in the vicinity, your little girl is sitting in the back seat while your [sic] doing a drug transaction. And then if that’s not enough then uh, that doesn’t phase you, you go out and get uh, more than bulk and less than five times bulk amount and make another transaction.”
{¶10} This timely appeal followed. Where pertinent, additional facts
are set forth below.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
“I. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY FAILING TO PROPERLY CONSIDER AND APPLY THE
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 6
SERIOUSNESS AND RECIDIVISM FACTORS TO THE APPELLANT AT HER SENTENCING.”2
A. STANDARD OF REVIEW
{¶11} Appellant’s assignment of error challenges her fifty-four
month consecutive sentence for two counts of aggravated trafficking
in drugs, one with a specification for having occurred in the vicinity
of a juvenile. When reviewing felony sentences, appellate courts must
apply the standard of review set forth in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). State v.
Graham, 4th Dist. Adams No. 17CA1046, 2018-Ohio-1277, at ¶ 13,
citing State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St.3d 516, 2016–Ohio–1002, 59
N.E.3d 1231, ¶ 1, 22–23. Under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), “[t]he appellate
court's standard for review is not whether the sentencing court abused
its discretion.” Instead, R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) specifies that an appellate
court may increase, reduce, modify, or vacate and remand a
challenged felony sentence if the court clearly and convincingly finds
either:
(a) That the record does not support the sentencing court's
findings under division (B) or (D) of section 2929.13, division
2 This is the assignment of error as set forth on Page 3 of Appellant’s brief. On Page 5 of the brief, the assignment of error is set forth as follows: “APPELLANT’S SENTENCE IS CONTRARY TO LAW IN THAT THE TRIAL COURT FAILED TO PROPERLY APPLY THE FACTORS SERIOUSNESS AND RECIDIVISM MANDATED BY O.R.C. 2929.12.”
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 7
(B)(2)(e) or (C)(4) of section 2929.14, or division (I) of section
2929.20 of the Revised Code, whichever, if any, is relevant;
(b) That the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.
{¶12} Moreover, although R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(a) does not
mention R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12, the Supreme Court of Ohio has
determined that the same standard of review applies to those statutes.
Graham, supra, at ¶ 14; Marcum at ¶ 23 (although “some sentences do not
require the findings that R.C. 2953.08(G)[2][a] specifically addresses[,] * *
* it is fully consistent for appellate courts to review those sentences that are
imposed solely after consideration of the factors in R.C. 2929.11 and
2929.12 under a standard that is equally deferential to the sentencing
court”); State v. Butcher, 4th Dist. Athens No. 15CA33, 2017–Ohio–1544,
¶ 84. Consequently, “an appellate court may vacate or modify any sentence
that is not clearly and convincingly contrary to law only if the appellate
court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the record does not support
the sentence.” Marcum at ¶ 23; Butcher at ¶ 84; see also State v. Jones,
2018–Ohio–498, ––– N.E.3d –––– (8th Dist.) (court of appeals recently
resolved intradistrict conflict by applying Marcum at ¶ 23 to hold that
appellate courts can review the record to determine whether the
considerations set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12 support a sentence).
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 8
{¶13} “Once the trial court considers R.C. 2929.11 and
2929.12, the burden is on the defendant to demonstrate by clear and
convincing evidence that the record does not support his sentence.” Graham,
supra, at ¶ 15, quoting, State v. Akins–Daniels, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
103817, 2016–Ohio–7048, ¶ 9; State v. O'Neill, 3d Dist. Allen No. 1–09–27,
2009–Ohio–6156, ¶ 9, fn. 1 (“The defendant bears the burden to
demonstrate, by clear and convincing evidence, that the sentence is not
supported by the record, that the sentencing statutes' procedure was not
followed, or there was not a sufficient basis for the imposition of a prison
term; or that the sentence is contrary to law”); State v. Leonhart, 4th Dist.
Washington No. 13CA38, 2014–Ohio–5601, ¶ 5 (“because [appellant] failed
to establish by clear and convincing evidence either that the record does not
support the trial court's findings or that the sentence is otherwise contrary to
law, these assignments of error are meritless”). “Clear and convincing
evidence is ‘that measure or degree of proof which is more than a mere
“preponderance of the evidence,” but not to the extent of such certainty as is
required “beyond a reasonable doubt” in criminal cases, and which will
produce in the mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the
facts sought to be established.’” State ex rel. Husted v. Brunner, 123 Ohio
St.3d 288, 2009–Ohio–5327, 915 N.E.2d 1215, ¶ 18, quoting Cross v.
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 9
Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954), paragraph three of the
syllabus.
B. LEGAL ANALYSIS
{¶14} Appellant concedes that her sentence is within the statutorily
prescribed range. However, she asserts that at sentencing, it appears as
though the trial court did not properly analyze the factors of R.C. 2929.12,
but focused solely upon punishment aspect of felony sentencing; chastising
her for receiving food stamps; and blaming her for the Methamphetamine
problem destroying Adams County. Appellant concludes that the trial
court’s cumulative 54-month sentence is improper as a matter of law, and
that the trial court abused its discretion in imposing it. Appellant requests
that this court reverse her sentence and grant her whatever relief the Court
deems necessary and proper.3
{¶15} We begin by recognizing that R.C. 2929.11 enumerates the
overriding purpose of felony sentencing. “A court that sentences an
offender for a felony shall be guided by the overriding purposes of felony
sentencing. The overriding purposes of felony sentencing are to protect the
public from future crime by the offender and others and to punish the
offender using the minimum sanctions that the court determines accomplish
3 As set forth above, the proper standard of review is that set forth in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2).
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 10
those purposes without imposing an unnecessary burden on state or local
government resources. To achieve those purposes, the sentencing court shall
consider the need for incapacitating the offender, deterring the offender and
others from future crime, rehabilitating the offender, and making restitution
to the victim of the offense, the public, or both. Id.
{¶16} R.C. 2929.12 sets forth factors to consider in determining the
appropriate sentence. Id. The statute contains a nonexclusive list of factors
that render an offender's conduct more serious than conduct normally
constituting the offense and factors that render an offender's conduct less
serious than conduct normally constituting the offense. R.C. 2929.12(B)
and(C). Likewise, the statute sets forth a nonexclusive list of factors
indicating the offender is more likely to commit future crimes and factors
indicating recidivism is less likely. R.C. 2929.12(D)(E). Based upon our
review of the record, we disagree with Appellant’s argument that her
sentence is inappropriate. For the reasons which follow, we find Appellant’s
sentence is not contrary to law and that it is clearly and convincingly
supported by the record.
1. Appellant’s sentence is not contrary to law.
{¶17} In this case, R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(b) is applicable to both
counts and is set forth as follows:
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 11
“For a felony of the third degree that is not an offense for which division (A)(3)(a) of this section applies, the prison term shall be nine, twelve, eighteen, twenty-four, thirty, or thirty-six months.”
{¶18} In Count One, Appellant was convicted of R.C.
2953.03(A)(1), aggravated trafficking in drugs with a specification for
committing the offense in the vicinity of a juvenile. The trial court imposed
a sentence of thirty months. R.C. 2925.03(C)(1)(b) provides:
“If the offense was committed in the vicinity of a school or in the vicinity of a juvenile, aggravated trafficking in drugs is a felony of the third degree, and division (C) of section 2929.13 of the Revised Code applies in determining whether to impose a prison term on the offender.”
R.C. 2929.13C states:
“Except as provided in division (D), (E), (F), or (G) of this section, in determining whether to impose a prison term as a sanction for a felony of the third degree or a felony drug offense that is a violation of a provision of Chapter 2925 of the Revised Code and that is specified as being subject to this division for purposes of sentencing, the sentencing court shall comply with the purposes and principles of sentencing under section 2929.11 of the Revised Code and with section 2929.12 of the Revised Code.”
{¶19} Appellant was sentenced to a twenty-fourth month
prison sentence for her Count Two conviction for aggravated trafficking.
R.C. 2925.03(C)(1)(c) provides:
“Except as otherwise provided in this division, if the amount of the drug involved equals or exceeds the bulk amount but is less than five times the bulk amount, aggravated trafficking in drugs
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 12
is a felony of the third degree, and, except as otherwise provided in this division, there is a presumption for a prison term for the offense.”
{¶20} Appellant concedes that her sentence is within the
statutory range. “‘[A] sentence is generally not contrary to law if the trial
court considered the R.C. 2929.11 purposes and principles of sentencing as
well as the R.C. 2929.12 seriousness and recidivism factors, properly
applied post[-]release control, and imposed a sentence within the statutory
range.’” Graham, supra, at ¶ 16, quoting, State v. Perry, 4th Dist. Pike No.
16CA863, 2017–Ohio–69, ¶ 21, quoting State v. Brewer, 2014–Ohio–1903,
11 N.E.3d 317, ¶ 38 (4th Dist.).
{¶21} At the sentencing hearing, the trial court stated it had
considered the record, the oral statements, the pre-sentence investigation
report prepared, as well as the principles and purposes of sentencing under
Ohio Revised Code Section 2929.11(A). The court also stated it had
balanced the seriousness and recidivism factors under 2929.12. These
considerations were also noted in the first paragraph of the Judgment Entry
on Sentence. A judge is presumed to follow the law. In re Huffman, 135
Ohio St. 3d 1296, 2013-Ohio-1615, 987 N.E. 2d 689, at ¶ 8 (Where
defendant filed an affidavit seeking to disqualify judge from presiding over
new trial); State v. Batty, 2014-Ohio—2826, 15 N.E. 3d 347 (4th Dist.), at
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 13
¶ 12 (In appeal raising issue of judicial bias); State v. Evans, 4th Dist. Scioto
No. 08CA3268, 2010-Ohio-2554, at ¶ 45 (In appeal involving trial court’s
ruling on the admissibility of evidence).
{¶22} Based on the foregoing, we find that the trial court properly
considered the dictates of R.C. 2911.12 and R.C. 2929.12. Appellant’s
sentence is within the statutory range. Accordingly, Appellant’s sentence is
not clearly and convincingly contrary to law.
2. Appellant’s sentence is clearly and convincingly supported by the record.
{¶23} Appellant essentially contends that none of the seriousness
factors of R.C.2929.12(B) are applicable to her. We would generally agree.
For example, Appellant did not cause serious physical harm to any person.
Appellant did not hold an elected office or position of trust in the community
which would likely influence others to commit crime. Appellant was not
part of an organized criminal enterprise nor did she act based on racial
prejudice or other bias.
{¶24} Appellant argues that the factors of R.C. 2929.12(D) and (E)
make recidivism less likely. R.C. 2929.12(D) provides:
“The sentencing court shall consider all of the following that apply regarding the offender, and any other relevant factors, as factors indicating that the offender is likely to commit future crimes:
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 14
(1) At the time of committing the offense, the offender was under release from confinement before trial or sentencing; was under a sanction imposed pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code; was under post-release control pursuant to section 2967.28 or any other provision of the Revised Code for an earlier offense or had been unfavorably terminated from post-release control for a prior offense pursuant to division (B) of section 2967.16 or section 2929.141 of the Revised Code; was under transitional control in connection with a prior offense; or had absconded from the offender's approved community placement resulting in the offender's removal from the transitional control program under section 2967.26 of the Revised Code.
(2) The offender previously was adjudicated a delinquent child pursuant to Chapter 2151 of the Revised Code prior to January 1, 2002, or pursuant to Chapter 2152 of the Revised Code, or the offender has a history of criminal convictions.
(3) The offender has not been rehabilitated to a satisfactory degree after previously being adjudicated a delinquent child pursuant to Chapter 2151 of the Revised Code prior to January 1, 2002, or pursuant to Chapter 2152 of the Revised Code, or the offender has not responded favorably to sanctions previously imposed for criminal convictions.
(4) The offender has demonstrated a pattern of drug or alcohol abuse that is related to the offense, and the offender refuses to acknowledge that the offender has demonstrated that pattern, or the offender refuses treatment for the drug or alcohol abuse.
(5) The offender shows no genuine remorse for the offense.
R.C. 2929.12(E) provides:
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 15
“The sentencing court shall consider all of the following that apply regarding the offender, and any other relevant factors, as factors indicating that the offender is not likely to commit future crimes:
(1) Prior to committing the offense, the offender had not been adjudicated a delinquent child.
(2) Prior to committing the offense, the offender had not been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a criminal offense.
(3) Prior to committing the offense, the offender had led a lawabiding life for a significant number of years.
(4) The offense was committed under circumstances not likely to recur.
(5) The offender shows genuine remorse for the offense.
{¶25} Appellant contends that the trial court’s harsh comments
indicate he imposed a sentence solely for the purpose of punishment and did
not analyze the other factors. She emphasizes that (1) she did not commit
the offense while on bail, awaiting sentencing, or while on community
control or after having post-release control unfavorably terminated; (2) she
does not have a history of criminal convictions or juvenile delinquency
adjudications and has otherwise led a law-abiding life; (3) she only has one
prior low level felony conviction which was sealed prior to the events in the
instant case; (4) she has responded favorably to sanctions previously
imposed, as demonstrated by her successful completion of community
control imposed for a drug charge in Brown County; (5) she did not commit
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 16
the current offenses under circumstances likely to occur again in that she has
twice been “set-up” by the same person with significant motivation to do so;
and (6) she is genuinely remorseful for the conduct at issue. We believe the
judge’s comments, while stern, may reflect (1) a genuine concern for the
well-being of the women and children victims of the pervasive drug problem
in southern Ohio, and (2) the daily frustrations experienced by many
municipal and common pleas judges throughout our state. However, based
on the following, we find that Appellant’s sentence is clearly and
convincingly supported by the record.
{¶26} Concerning a trial court’s remarks at sentencing, the
Supreme Court of Ohio has stated on more than one occasion,
“Because a sentencing judge must ordinarily explain the reasons for imposing a sentence, judicial comments during sentencing, even if disapproving, critical, or heavy-handed, do not typically give rise to a cognizable basis for disqualification. See Flamm, Judicial Disqualification, Section 16.4, 450–463 (2d Ed.2007). As other courts have explained, “‘[i]t is the court's prerogative, if not its duty, to assess the defendant's character and crimes at sentencing, after * * * guilt has been decided.’” Connecticut v. Rizzo, 303 Conn. 71, 128–129, 31 A.3d 1094 (2011), quoting United States v. Pearson, 203 F.3d 1243, 1278 (10th Cir.2000), cert. denied, 530 U.S. 1268, 120 S.Ct. 2734, (2000). “Furthermore, ‘[t]o a considerable extent a sentencing judge is the embodiment of public condemnation and * * * [a]s the community's spokesperson * * * can lecture a defendant as a lesson to that defendant and as a deterrent to others.’” Id., quoting United States v. Bakker, 925 F.2d 728, 740 (4th Cir.1991).” Huffman, supra, at ¶ 6.
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 17
{¶27} It appears the trial court placed much emphasis on the
fact that Appellant had sold drugs with her little girl sitting in the back seat.
However, the trial court also appears to have relied heavily on the pre
sentence investigation report prepared in Appellant’s case.4 Reading from
the report, the trial court observed Appellant scored moderate on the Ohio
Risk Assessment,5 noting as follows:
“Family and social support scored low, moderate on the criminal history, neighborhood problems, substance abuse, criminal attitudes and behavioral problems and patterns. Scored high on lack of education, lack of employment, financial situation, and peer associations. These results indicate that she’s at a moderate offense, or risk of reoffending without structured programming.”
{¶28} The trial court discussed the recidivism factors, noting her
history of three prior misdemeanor convictions and one prior felony
trafficking in drugs.6 The trial court also noted she had violated the terms of
her recognizance bond with regards to the pill count. The trial court stated,
4 Although the pre-sentence report is not part of the public record, it is part of the appellate record for our review. R.C. 2953.08(F). See State v. Martin, 140 Ohio App.3d 326, 338, 2000-Ohio-1942, 747 N.E. 2d 318 (4th Dist.). 5 The Ohio Risk Assessment System is an assessment tool which can be used at various points in the criminal justice system to gather information and aid in informed decision-making. See Ohio Department of Rehabilitation &Correction, “Ohio Risk Assessment System,” https://www.drc.ohio.gov/oras. Accessed March 27, 2019. 6 The trial court observed Appellant had a 2008 attempted assault conviction. She also had a trafficking in drugs for which she was placed on two years community control, and had her conviction sealed. The court also noted the assault conviction while in jail on the current charges.
Adams App. No. 18CA1069 18
“The court finds without any question or hesitation uh, that you’re not
amenable to available community control sanctions.”
{¶29} There is no authority that indicates the trial court is required to
give more or less weight to any particular factor. State v. Bailey, 4th Dist.
Highland No. 11CA7, 2011-Ohio-6526, at 34. And, “[s]imply because the
court did not balance the factors in the manner appellant desires does not
mean that the court failed to consider them, or that clear and convincing
evidence shows that the court’s findings are not supported by the record.
State v. Yost, 4th Dist. Meigs No. 17CA10, 2018-Ohio-2719, at ¶ 21, quoting
Graham, supra, at ¶ 26, quoting State v. Butcher, 4th Dist. Athens No.
15CA33, 2017-Ohio-1544, at ¶ 87.
Outcome: For the foregoing reasons, we find that Appellant’s sentence is
also clearly and convincingly supported by the record. We find no merit to
Appellant’s argument that her sentence is inappropriate. Accordingly, we
overrule the sole assignment of error and affirm the judgment of the trial
court.
Plaintiff's Experts:
Defendant's Experts:
Comments: