Please E-mail suggested additions, comments and/or corrections to Kent@MoreLaw.Com.
Help support the publication of case reports on MoreLaw
Date: 02-16-2021
Case Style:
Christopher Lee Moreno v. The State of Texas
Case Number: 04-20-00357-CR
Judge: Beth Watkins
Court: Fourth Court of Appeals
San Antonio, Texas
Plaintiff's Attorney: Andrew Warthen
Joe D. Gonzales
Defendant's Attorney:
OR
Just Call 855-853-4800 for Free Help Finding a Lawyer Help You.
Description:
San Antonio, Texas - Criminal defense attorney represented Christopher Lee Moreno with an Assault charge.
On July 30, 2019, Moreno entered a plea of no contest to a charge of causing bodily injury
to a family member. The trial court sentenced Moreno to one year in the Bexar County Jail and a
$1,500 fine, suspended his sentence of confinement, and placed him on community supervision
04-20-00357-CR
- 2 -
for two years. The terms of Moreno’s community supervision required him to, inter alia, submit
to drug tests as directed by his supervision officer, report to his supervision officer as directed,
conduct himself “in a proper and orderly manner during any office visit,” and attend a battering
intervention program.
The State filed a motion alleging Moreno violated the terms of his community supervision
by failing to, inter alia: (1) submit to a drug test as directed by his supervision officer on October
11, 2019; (2) conduct himself in a proper and orderly manner during a visit to his supervision
officer; (3) report to his supervision officer in January and February of 2020; and (4) attend and
comply with rules of the battering intervention program. The State later filed a supplemental
motion alleging Moreno also failed to report to his supervision officer in March and April of 2020.
After a hearing, the trial court signed a judgment revoking Moreno’s community supervision and
ordering him confined in the Bexar County Jail for one year. Although the court orally found all
the violations the State sought to prove during the hearing were true, its written judgment notes
only that Moreno violated his obligation to submit to drug tests.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, Moreno contends the trial court abused its discretion by revoking his
community supervision because its judgment is based on inadmissible hearsay.
Standard of Review and Applicable Law
We review a trial court’s judgment revoking community supervision for abuse of
discretion. Rickels v. State, 202 S.W.3d 759, 763 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006). A trial court does not
abuse its discretion unless its decision is so arbitrary as to be outside the zone of reasonable
disagreement. Hernandez v. State, 387 S.W.3d 881, 888 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2012, no pet.).
The State meets its burden when the greater weight of the credible evidence creates a reasonable
belief that the defendant violated a condition of his community supervision, and in reviewing the
04-20-00357-CR
- 3 -
evidence, we indulge all reasonable inferences in favor of the trial court’s judgment. Reasor v.
State, 281 S.W.3d 129, 131–32 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2008, pet. ref’d). If the evidence
supports a single violation alleged by the State, we must sustain the trial court’s judgment revoking
community supervision. Id. at 131.
We also review a trial court’s evidentiary rulings for abuse of discretion. Smith v. State,
587 S.W.3d 413, 418 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2019, no pet.). Generally, out-of-court statements
that are offered for the truth of the matter asserted constitute inadmissible hearsay evidence. TEX.
R. EVID. 801, 802. However, hearsay statements contained in records of a regularly conducted
activity may be admissible if the proponent of the evidence shows:
(A)the record was made at or near the time by—or from information transmitted
by—someone with knowledge;
(B) the record was kept in the course of a regularly conducted business activity;
(C) making the record was a regular practice of that activity;
(D) all these conditions are shown by the testimony of the custodian or another
qualified witness . . .; and
(E) the opponent fails to demonstrate that the source of information or the method
or circumstances of preparation indicate a lack of trustworthiness.
Id. R. 803(6). We must uphold a trial court’s evidentiary ruling if, in light of the record before the
trial court at the time it ruled, the ruling was within the zone of reasonable disagreement.
Weatherred v. State, 15 S.W.3d 540, 542 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000).
Application
Moreno’s former supervision officer, Natalie Blodgett, testified that Moreno’s community
supervision file shows he was directed to submit to a drug test on October 11, 2019 and did not do
so. Moreno argues this testimony is not admissible under the business records exception because
Blodgett lacks personal knowledge of this fact. See TEX. R. EVID. 803(6)(A). He appears to base
04-20-00357-CR
- 4 -
this assertion on Blodgett’s testimony that she was not the officer who directed Moreno to submit
to the drug test in question.
However, contrary to Moreno’s assertion, Blodgett did not testify that she lacked
“knowledge of several items mentioned in the probation report which she was being questioned
about.” Instead, Blodgett testified that her office routinely documents a refusal to submit to drug
testing in a supervisee’s community supervision file. See id. R. 803(6)(B), (C). She explained these
documentations occur in real time and indicate the specific time a supervisee refuses to submit to
a drug test. See id. R. 803(6)(A). She also testified that although she did not personally direct
Moreno to submit to a drug test on the date in question, she was Moreno’s supervision officer at
the relevant time. See id. R. 803(6)(D). Finally, Moreno himself elicited Blodgett’s testimony that
she is the custodian of Moreno’s community supervision file. See id. R. 803(6)(D), (E).
Based on this testimony, the trial court’s conclusion that Blodgett’s testimony was
admissible under the business records exception to the hearsay rule is within the zone of reasonable
disagreement. See TEX. R. EVID. 803(6); Smith, 587 S.W.3d at 418. As a result, the trial court did
not abuse its discretion by admitting Blodgett’s testimony that Moreno failed to submit to a drug
test on October 11, 2019. See Smith, 587 S.W.3d at 418. Because that testimony, standing alone,
is sufficient to create a reasonable belief that Moreno violated at least one term of his community
supervision, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by revoking Moreno’s community
supervision. See Reasor, 281 S.W.3d at 134. We therefore overrule Moreno’s single issue.
We note, however, that the trial court’s judgment states Moreno entered a plea of “true” to
the allegations in the State’s motion to revoke. This notation conflicts with the record of the
hearing, which shows Moreno entered a plea of “not true” to each allegation. An appellate court
may, on its own motion, reform the judgment to “make the record speak the truth,” even if the
parties have not asked it to do so. French v. State, 830 S.W.2d 607, 609 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992);
04-20-00357-CR
- 5 -
Hernandez v. State, No. 04-18-00265-CR, 2019 WL 2013861, at *1 (Tex. App.—San Antonio
May 8, 2019, no pet.) (not designated for publication). Accordingly, we sua sponte reform the
judgment to reflect Moreno’s plea of “not true” to the State’s allegations. See TEX. R. APP. P.
43.2(b); Woods v. State, 398 S.W.3d 396, 405–06 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2013, pet. ref’d).
Outcome: We modify the trial court’s judgment to reflect Moreno’s plea of “not true” and affirm the judgment as modified.
Plaintiff's Experts:
Defendant's Experts:
Comments: