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Date: 04-26-2022
Case Style:
STATE OF OHIO v. CRAIG THOMPSON
Case Number: 27924
Judge: Michael L. Tucker
Court:
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
MONTGOMERY COUNTY
On appeal from The
Plaintiff's Attorney: MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by SARAH E. HUTNIK, Atty. Reg. No. 0095900, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney,
Defendant's Attorney:
Description:
Dayton, Ohio - Criminal Defense lawyer represented defendant with a appealing the trial court’s denial for postconviction relief.
On March 5, 2013, a Montgomery County grand jury issued an indictment
against Thompson, charging him with one count of complicity in the commission of
burglary, a second degree felony pursuant to R.C. 2911.12(A)(1), 2911.12(D),
2923.03(A)(2) and 2923.03(F). The case was tried to a jury in April 2014, but the trial
court declared a mistrial after the jury reported that it was deadlocked.
{¶ 4} In advance of his second trial, Thompson moved to dismiss the indictment
against him on double-jeopardy grounds. The trial court overruled the motion, and
Thompson appealed. We affirmed the trial court’s judgment. State v. Thompson, 2d
Dist. Montgomery No. 26280, 2014-Ohio-5583. Following the second trial, in December
2015, Thompson was found guilty, and the trial court sentenced him to a six-year term of
imprisonment. Thompson initiated a second appeal, and we affirmed his conviction.
State v. Thompson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 26954, 2016-Ohio-7521.
{¶ 5} On February 15, 2017, Thompson filed a motion with the Ohio Supreme
Court in which he requested that the Court disqualify the trial judge presiding over his
case. He filed a petition for postconviction relief with the trial court one day later, along
with a motion to stay consideration of the petition while the motion for disqualification
remained pending. The trial court apparently granted the stay, although no
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corresponding order or decision appears on the docket. The Ohio Supreme Court
overruled the motion to disqualify on June 5, 2017, and on July 7, 2017, Thompson moved
the trial court to rescind the stay of its consideration of his petition. Although the trial
court did not enter an order or decision rescinding the stay, the State filed a memorandum
in opposition to Thompson’s petition for postconviction relief on August 15, 2017, and
Thompson filed a reply in support on August 24, 2017.
{¶ 6} In its judgment entry of January 31, 2018, the trial court granted summary
judgment on the petition in favor of the State. Thompson timely filed his notice of appeal
to this court on March 2, 2018.
II. Analysis
{¶ 7} We address Thompson’s assignments of error out of sequence because we
find that our disposition of his second assignment is determinative of the outcome. For
his second assignment of error, Thompson contends that:
[THE] TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN DENYING [SIC] THOMPSON
A HEARING ON HIS POST-CONVICTION PETITION[.]
{¶ 8} Thompson alleges that with his second trial set to begin, either the trial court
or the State proposed a plea agreement whereby he would plead guilty as charged in
exchange for a sentence of three years’ imprisonment.1 See Appellant’s Br. 5-8. As he
did in his petition for postconviction relief, Thompson argues that his defense counsel
rendered ineffective assistance by recommending that he reject the agreement, because
counsel purportedly based the recommendation on a “misguided” belief that certain
1 The maximum term of imprisonment to which Thompson could have been sentenced
was eight years. See R.C. 2911.12(A)(1), 2911.12(D), 2923.03(F) and 2929.14(A)(2).
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evidence, not introduced at his first trial, would be discredited or deemed inadmissible at
his second trial. Id. at 5-7. Although Thompson attached affidavits to his petition
ostensibly confirming that a plea agreement had been proposed to him, the trial court
found that because the State “represented in its response” to the petition “that no such
offer was ever made,” Thompson’s “argument on [the] issue [was] moot.” Decision,
Order and Entry Granting Summary Judgment in Favor of the State on Defendant’s
Petition to Vacate or Set Aside Judgment of Conviction and Sentence 6, Jan. 31, 2018
[hereinafter Judgment Entry]. Thompson argues that the trial court erred by entering
judgment on his petition without holding a hearing.
{¶ 9} We review the trial court’s ruling on Thompson’s petition for postconviction
relief “under [the] abuse of discretion standard.” (Citation omitted.) State v. Jordan, 2d
Dist. Montgomery No. 27208, 2017-Ohio-7342, ¶ 10. The term “ ‘abuse of discretion’ [is]
defined as an attitude that is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.” (Citation
omitted.) Id.
{¶ 10} To prevail on a claim of “ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must
satisfy the two-pronged test in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct.
2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984),” according to which the defendant bears the burden to show
that: “(1) defense counsel’s performance was so deficient that [it did not fulfill the right to
assistance of counsel] guaranteed under the Sixth Amendment to the United States
Constitution; and (2) * * * defense counsel’s errors prejudiced the defendant.” State v.
Cardenas, 2016-Ohio-5537, 61 N.E.3d 20, ¶ 38 (2d Dist.); State v. Wilkins, 127 Ohio
App.3d 306, 310, 712 N.E.2d 1255 (2d Dist.1998), citing State v. Pankey, 68 Ohio St.2d
58, 428 N.E.2d 413 (1981); State v. Samilton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92823, 2010-Ohio-
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439, ¶ 19. Judicial “scrutiny of counsel’s performance must be highly deferential,” so “a
[reviewing] court must indulge a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within
the wide range of reasonable professional assistance * * *.” Strickland at 689, citing
Michel v. Louisiana, 350 U.S. 91, 101, 76 S.Ct. 158, 100 L.Ed. 83 (1955). To show
prejudice, a defendant must demonstrate “a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s
unprofessional errors, the result of [a given] proceeding would have been different.” Id.
at 694. A failure “to make either showing defeats” the claim. Cardenas at ¶ 38.
{¶ 11} For Thompson to establish an entitlement to relief on his claim of ineffective
assistance of counsel, he bears the burden to show that he was offered a plea agreement;
that his defense counsel provided legally unsound advice by recommending that he reject
the offer; that he would have entered into the agreement but for his counsel’s unsound
advice; that the offer would not have been withdrawn; that the trial court would have
approved the agreement; and that his sentence pursuant to the agreement would have
been more favorable than the sentence actually imposed by the court. See Lafler v.
Cooper, 566 U.S. 156, 162-164, 132 S.Ct. 1376, 182 L.Ed.2d 398 (2012); State v.
Royster, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 26378, 2015-Ohio-625, ¶ 32-33. Thompson
maintains that the 13 exhibits attached to his brief comprise evidence sufficient to meet
his burden. See Appellant’s Br. 8 and 11-12.
{¶ 12} Exhibits 1-5 and 13 to Thompson’s brief are affidavits executed on or after
February 14, 2018, yet the trial court entered the judgment from which Thompson appeals
on January 31, 2018, meaning that these exhibits were not part of the record before the
trial court and are, consequently, not part of the record before this court.2 Exhibit 6,
2 Thompson affixed an “exhibit” label and an “attachment” label to each of the exhibits
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which Thompson did not file in support of his petition for postconviction relief, is likewise
excluded.3 Exhibits 7-12, however, are six affidavits that Thompson submitted to the trial
court along with his petition for postconviction relief, and they are therefore part of the
record for purposes of the instant appeal.
{¶ 13} A proceeding for postconviction relief is “a collateral civil attack on [a]
criminal conviction” and is thus “subject to the rules of civil procedure.” State v. Harris,
8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94186, 2010-Ohio-3617, ¶ 7, citing State v. Steffen, 70 Ohio St.3d
399, 410, 639 N.E.2d 67 (1994); see also State v. Perkins, 2d Dist. Montgomery No.
24397, 2011-Ohio-5070, ¶ 9, citing Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279, 281, 714 N.E.2d 905.
In this case, the trial court entered summary judgment in favor of the State on Thompson’s
petition. Judgment Entry 6-7; see also R.C. 2953.21(E) (permitting summary judgment
on petitions for postconviction relief). Under Civ.R. 56(C), summary judgment “shall be
rendered forthwith” when: (1) “there is no genuine issue as to any material fact”; (2) “the
moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law”; and (3) construing the evidence
most strongly in favor of the non-moving party, “reasonable minds” could not reach a
contrary conclusion. See also Bonacorsi v. Wheeling & Lake Erie Ry. Co., 95 Ohio St.3d
314, 2002-Ohio-2220, 767 N.E.2d 707, ¶ 24; Harless v. Willis Day Warehousing Co., 54
Ohio St.2d 64, 66, 375 N.E.2d 46 (1978). The moving party initially bears the burden to
demonstrate the absence of any genuine issue of material fact. Mitseff v. Wheeler, 38
accompanying his brief. Our citations to the exhibits incorporate the numbers appearing
on the “attachment” labels.
3 Exhibit 6 includes two documents, neither of which has been properly authenticated.
See Evid.R. 901-902.
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Ohio St.3d 112, 115, 526 N.E.2d 798 (1988). If the moving party satisfies its burden,
then the non-moving party must meet a reciprocal burden to establish “specific facts” by
“affidavit or as otherwise provided in [the] rule,” showing that at least one genuine issue
remains to be tried. Civ.R. 56(E); see also Civ.R. 56(C); Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d
280, 293, 662 N.E.2d 264 (1996).
{¶ 14} In contrast to the application of Civ.R. 56 in purely civil actions, “in
postconviction relief proceedings, the trial court has presumably been presented with
evidence sufficient to support the original entry of conviction, or with a recitation of facts
attendant to an entry of a guilty or no-contest plea.” Calhoun at 284. Accordingly, “the
trial court may, under appropriate circumstances * * *, deem affidavit testimony to lack
credibility without [prior] observ[ation] or examin[ation] [of] the affiant.” Id. An affidavit
should nevertheless “not lightly be deemed false,” given that it is “by definition a statement
that the affiant has sworn to be truthful, and [has] made under penalty of perjury.” Id.
{¶ 15} In Calhoun, the Ohio Supreme Court indicated that a trial court should
“consider all relevant factors” in evaluating the credibility of affidavits in support of a
petition for postconviction relief, including the following: “(1) whether the judge reviewing
the * * * petition also presided at the trial, (2) whether multiple affidavits contain nearly
identical language, or otherwise appear to have been drafted by the same person, (3)
whether the affidavits contain or rely on hearsay, (4) whether the affiants are relatives of
the petitioner, or [are] otherwise interested in the success of the petitioner’s efforts, and
(5) whether the affidavits contradict evidence proffered by the defense at trial.” (Citation
omitted.) Id. at 285. A “trial court that discounts the credibility of sworn affidavits should
include an explanation of its basis for doing so in its findings of fact and conclusions of
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law, in order that meaningful appellate review may occur.” Id.; see also State v. Henry,
2017-Ohio-7427, 96 N.E.3d 1139, ¶ 20-24 (2d Dist.).
{¶ 16} Here, the trial court treated the State’s memorandum in opposition to
Thompson’s petition for postconviction relief as a motion for summary judgment,
implicating the requirements of Civ.R. 56. Judgment Entry 2. Although Thompson
submitted six affidavits in support of his petition, all of which referred to the plea
agreement he was allegedly offered, the State did not attach any affidavits or other
summary judgment evidence to its memorandum in opposition. Notwithstanding this
disparity, the trial court held that because the State “represented in its response” to
Thompson’s petition “that no such offer was ever made,” Thompson’s “argument on [the]
issue [was] moot.” Id. at 6. At no point in its judgment did the trial court acknowledge
the existence of the affidavits submitted by Thompson. See id. at 4-7. The affidavits,
at least theoretically, could have been sufficient to give rise to a genuine dispute of
material fact, inasmuch as the State did not support its motion with summary judgment
evidence. See Civ.R. 56.
{¶ 17} Potentially, one or more of the Calhoun factors may apply to discount the
credibility of all of Thompson’s six supporting affidavits, but the trial court “failed to provide
findings of fact and conclusions of law to explain why” it deemed the affidavits to lack
credibility. Henry at ¶ 23. In the absence of any such analysis, the trial court abused
its discretion by entering summary judgment in favor of the State without holding a hearing
on the petition. See Calhoun at 285 and 291; Henry at ¶ 20-24; State v. Clark, 2017-
Ohio-120, 80 N.E.3d 1251, ¶ 17-23 (2d Dist.). Thompson’s second assignment of error
is sustained.
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{¶ 18} For his first assignment of error, Thompson contends that:
CRAIG THOMPSON’S SENTENCE IS VOID AND/OR [SIC]
VOIDABLE BECAUSE HE WAS DENIED THE EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE
OF COUNSEL WHEN HIS ATTORNEY UNREASONABLY FAILED TO
COUNSEL HIM TO ACCEPT THE STATE OF OHIO’S OFFER OF 3
YEARS WITH JUDICIAL RELEASE PROBABILITY [SIC] AFTER 6
MONTHS IN EXCHANGE FOR HIS GUILTY PLEA[.]
{¶ 19} Our disposition of Thompson’s second assignment of error renders his first
assignment of error moot. Therefore, Thompson’s first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 20} For his third assignment of error, Thompson contends that:
[THE] TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN GRANTING [SIC] SUMMARY
JUDGMENT IN FAVOR OF THE STATE WHEN [SIC] THOMPSON WAS
THE PARTY ENTITLED TO SUMMARY JUDGMENT[.]4
{¶ 21} We have found that the trial court abused its discretion, under the specific
circumstances of this case, by entering judgment on Thompson’s petition without holding
a hearing. As a result, Thompson’s third assignment of error is overruled as moot.
{¶ 22} For his fourth assignment of error, Thompson contends that:
THE PROSECUTION DELIBERATELY HINDERED THOMPSON’S
RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS BY NOT SERVING HIM A COPY OF [THE]
STATE’S FILINGS[.]
{¶ 23} Here, Thompson argues that the State violated his right to due process by
4 Thompson presents his third assignment of error twice, with the second presentation
differing slightly, but not substantively, from the first. Compare Appellant’s Br. 3, with
Appellant’s Br. 12.
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failing to serve him with a copy of its memorandum in opposition to his petition for
postconviction relief. He adds that the trial court should not have considered the
memorandum in opposition because the State did not file it timely or attach a certificate
of service in full compliance with Civ.R. 5(B).
{¶ 24} Thompson’s fourth assignment of error is also rendered moot by our
disposition of his second assignment of error. On remand, Thompson will have the
opportunity to request that the trial court address these issues and order any relief that
might be warranted.
{¶ 25} For his fifth assignment of error, Thompson contends that:
BY INITIATING THE PLEA PROCESS [SIC], THE INVOLVEMENT
BY THE JUDGE IN THE PLEA NEGOTIATIONS IS IN VIOLATION OF
FEDERAL AND STATE CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES OF DUE
PROCESS THAT DENIED [SIC] THOMPSON THE CONSTITUTIONAL
RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL[.]
{¶ 26} Finally, Thompson argues that by “initiat[ing] the plea process,” the trial
court compromised its impartiality and “subjected [him] to an unfair trial.” See Appellant’s
Br. 19. None of the evidence on record, however, establishes that the trial court
proposed a plea agreement or participated in any discussions concerning a plea
agreement. See id. at Exs. 7-12. Without evidence of the trial court’s involvement, if
any, in the making of the alleged offer, we cannot find that the court compromised its
impartiality or that it thereby violated Thompson’s right to a fair trial. Thompson’s fifth
assignment of error is overruled.
Outcome: Under the circumstances of this case, we find that the trial court abused its
discretion by entering judgment on Thompson’s petition for postconviction relief without holding a hearing. Therefore, the trial court’s judgment of January 31, 2018, is reversed, and this case is remanded to the trial court. On remand, the trial court should allow the parties to renew their arguments and, if warranted by their submissions, hold a hearing on the petition. If the court determines that a hearing is not warranted, then it should explain the basis of that determination in its judgment entry. Furthermore, if the court deems an affidavit submitted by either party to lack credibility, then its judgment entry must include an evaluation of the affidavit consistent with the Ohio Supreme Court’s
opinion in State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279, 714 N.E.2d 905 (1999).
Plaintiff's Experts:
Defendant's Experts:
Comments: