United States of America v. Dyvae Davis

PER CURIAM:



Dyvae Davis appeals his conviction following his guilty plea to possession with

intent to distribute fentanyl, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(C), and possession

of a firearm in furtherance of a drug trafficking crime, in violation of 18 U.S.C.

§ 924(c)(1)(A)(i), (D)(ii). On appeal, Davis argues the district court plainly erred by

accepting his guilty plea because the court did not ensure he understood each element of

the § 924(c) offense and because his plea to that offense was not supported by an adequate

factual basis. We affirm.

Because Davis did not move to withdraw his plea or otherwise object to the plea

hearing in the district court, our review is for plain error. United States v. Sanya, 774 F.3d

812, 815 (4th Cir. 2014). A guilty plea is valid if the defendant knowingly, voluntarily,

and intelligently pleads guilty "with sufficient awareness of the relevant circumstances and

likely consequences.” United States v. Fisher, 711 F.3d 460, 464 (4th Cir. 2013) (internal

quotation marks omitted). "In evaluating the constitutional validity of a guilty plea, courts

look to the totality of the circumstances surrounding it, granting the defendant's solemn

declaration of guilt a presumption of truthfulness.” United States v. Moussaoui, 591 F.3d

263, 278 (4th Cir. 2010) (cleaned up). Before accepting a guilty plea, the district court

must conduct a plea colloquy in which it informs the defendant of, and determines he

understands, the rights he is relinquishing by pleading guilty, the charges to which he is

pleading, and the maximum and any mandatory minimum penalties he faces. Fed. R. Crim.

P. 11(b)(1). The district court also must ensure there is a factual basis for the plea. Fed.

3

R. Crim. P. 11(b)(3). Any variance from the requirements of Rule 11 "is harmless error if

it does not affect substantial rights.” Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(h).

We discern no plain error in the district court's acceptance of Davis' plea. The

district court adequately ensured Davis understood the elements of the offenses to which

he had agreed to plead guilty. See United States v. DeFusco, 949 F.2d 114, 117 (4th Cir.

1991). And the Government's factual proffer established a sufficient factual basis for the

§ 924(c) offense. See United States v. Dennis, 19 F.4th 656, 667-68 (4th Cir. 2021)

(discussing factors relevant to determining if firearm furthered drug trafficking crime).

We therefore affirm the criminal judgment.

We therefore affirm the criminal judgment. We dispense with oral argument

because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid the decisional process.



AFFIRMED